Design
technology
Higher
level
Paper
1
19
pages
Wednesday
7
November
2018
 
(afternoon)
1
hour
Instructions
to
candidates
•
Do
not
open
this
examination
paper
until
instructed
to
do
so.
•
Answer
all
the
questions.
•
For
each
question,
choose
the
answer
you
consider
to
be
the
best
and
indicate
your
choice
on
the
answer
sheet
provided.
•
The
maximum
mark
for
this
examination
paper
is
[40
marks]
 
 
 
.
©
International
Baccalaureate
Organization
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2018
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1.
Figure
1
shows
a
woman
on
an
exercise
machine.
Figure
1:
A
woman
on
an
exercise
machine
[Source:
Photo
credit
by
KETTLER
GmbH]
While
the
woman
is
using
the
exercise
machine
data
is
being
collected.
Which
type
of
data
is
being
collected?
A.
Dynamic
data
B.
Static
data
C.
Structural
data
D.
Psychological
data
2.
What
is
the
final
stage
of
the
human
information
processing
system,
which
results
in
a
physiological
response?
A.
Sensory
process
B.
Input
C.
Central
process
D.
Motor
process
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3.
What
percentile
range
for
thumb
length
would
be
used
in
the
design
of
a
smartphone
screen?
A.
50th
percentile
B.
95th
percentile
C.
5th–95th
percentile
D.
5th
percentile
4.
Which
of
the
following
is
considered
a
renewable
energy
source?
A.
Nuclear
B.
Coal
C.
Oil
D.
Hydro
5.
What
are
the
disadvantages
of
carrying
out
a
life
cycle
analysis
(LCA)?
I.
Time
consuming
II.
Expensive
III.
Legally
binding
A.
I
and
II
B.
I
and
III
C.
II
and
III
D.
I,
II
and
III
6.
How
is
the
embodied
energy
of
a
product
best
described?
A.
The
energy
consumed
by
just
the
extraction
of
raw
materials
B.
The
energy
consumed
by
the
manufacturing
processes
and
the
product
in
use
C.
The
energy
consumed
by
the
extraction
of
raw
materials,
manufacturing
processes
and
the
product
in
use
D.
The
energy
consumed
by
the
extraction
of
raw
materials,
manufacturing
processes
and
recovery
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7.
Used
smartphones
are
sometimes
made
to
look
new
by
replacing
the
casing
and
screen
as
well
as
installing
a
new
battery.
Which
waste
mitigation
strategy
does
this
best
describe?
A.
Reconditioning
B.
Re-engineering
C.
Reuse
D.
Recovery
8.
Designers
need
to
know
which
materials
for
a
particular
product
would
be
most
sustainable.
Which
of
the
following
would
help
a
designer
achieve
this
task?
A.
UNEP
eco
design
manual
B.
Design
for
environment
software
C.
Environmental
impact
assessment
matrix
D.
Finite
element
analysis
(FEA)
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9.
Figure
2
shows
a
photorealistic
model
of
a
computer
mouse.
The
model
gives
no
internal
data
for
manufacture
using
computer-aided
manufacturing
(CAM).
Figure
2:
A
photorealistic
model
of
a
computer
mouse
[Source:
Image
by
Eduemoni
www.wikipedia.com]
What
type
of
model
is
shown
in
Figure
2
?
A.
Solid
model
B.
Graphic
model
C.
Surface
model
D.
Physical
model
10.
Which
of
the
following
describes
a
conceptual
model?
I.
A
model
that
is
used
to
help
us
develop
and
understand
ideas
II.
A
scale
or
full-size
representation
of
a
product
used
to
gain
feedback
from
users
III.
Photorealistic
computer-aided
design
(CAD)-based
interactive
models
A.
I
and
II
B.
I
and
III
C.
II
and
III
D.
I,
II
and
III
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11.
Figure
3
shows
someone
wearing
cycling
shorts.
The
shorts
mould
to
the
user’s
body
and
stretch
with
movement
due
to
their
elasticity.
Figure
3:
Cycling
shorts
State
the
type
of
textile
used
in
these
cycling
shorts.
A.
Cotton
B.
Silk
C.
Lycra
D.
Wool
12.
A
table
leg,
under
normal
load
conditions,
would
be
under
which
force?
A.
Shear
B.
Torsion
C.
Compression
D.
Tension
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13.
Which
best
describes
the
properties
required
of
copper
when
being
drawn
into
wire?
A.
Plasticity
B.
Ductility
C.
Malleability
D.
Elasticity
14.
Which
of
the
following
production
systems
gives
consumers
flexibility
of
choice
with
the
advantages
of
economies
of
scale?
A.
Mass
production
B.
Craft
production
C.
Mass
customization
D.
Automated
production
15.
Which
types
of
robot
are
capable
of
operating
for
long
periods
without
human
intervention?
I.
First
Generation
II.
Second
Generation
III.
Third
Generation
A.
I
and
II
B.
I
and
III
C.
II
and
III
D.
I,
II
and
III
16.
Kevlar
®
is
a
well-known
high
performing
composite.
What
best
describes
its
form?
A.
Fibres
B.
Sheets
C.
Particles
D.
Matrix
Turn
over
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17.
While
working
on
a
new
type
of
refrigeration
system,
Lonnie
Johnson
connected
a
hose
to
his
system
to
test
a
part
when
water
shot
out
at
high
pressure.
This
gave
him
the
start
of
the
idea
for
the
Super
Soaker
water
gun,
see
Figure
4.
Figure
4:
Water
gun
in
a
Super
Soaker
type
design
[Source:
©
International
Baccalaureate
Organization
2018]
What
strategy
for
innovation
is
this
an
example
of?
A.
Market
pull
B.
Analogy
C.
Technology
transfer
D.
Chance
18.
What
is
it
called
when
a
company
produces
different
models
of
the
same
product
at
different
prices?
A.
Product
generations
B.
Product
versioning
C.
First
to
market
D.
Product
diffusion
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19.
Which
best
describes
people
who
are
reluctant
to
use
a
new
technology?
A.
Innovators
B.
Early
adopters
C.
Late
majority
D.
Laggards
20.
The
design
of
mobile
phones
has
changed
over
time.
Figure
5
shows
the
evolution
of
mobile
phones
before
the
launch
of
the
iPhone,
while
Figure
6
shows
the
evolution
of
smartphones
since
the
launch
of
the
iPhone.
Figure
5:
The
evolution
of
mobile
phones
before
the
launch
Figure
6:
The
evolution
of
smartphones
after
the
launch
[Sources:
image
adapted
from
Anders
https://commons.wikimedia.org
and
©
International
Baccalaureate
Organization
2018]
A
design
that
contains
those
implicit
features
of
a
product
that
are
recognized
as
essential
by
a
majority
of
manufacturers
and
purchasers
is
known
as…
A.
Robust
design
B.
Dominant
design
C.
Emotional
design
D.
Form
following
function
Turn
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21.
Which
of
the
following
are
considered
criteria
for
a
retro
design?
I.
The
design
uses
the
same
materials
as
the
original
II.
The
design
uses
the
decoration
of
the
original
III.
The
design
uses
the
form
of
the
original
A.
I
and
II
only
B.
I
and
III
only
C.
II
and
III
only
D.
I,
II
and
III
22.
On
most
modern
laptops,
when
the
user
switches
on
the
machine,
a
sound
or
tune
will
play.
What
characteristic
of
a
good
user
product
interface
is
this
an
example
of?
A.
Feedback
B.
Affordance
C.
Constraints
D.
Mapping
23.
What
is
the
name
given
to
products
that
are
accessible
and
useable
by
as
many
people
as
possible,
without
the
need
for
adaptation?
A.
Ubiquitous
design
B.
Iterative
design
C.
Participatory
design
D.
Inclusive
design
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24.
Figure
7
shows
packaging
for
a
wine
bottle
made
from
eco-friendly
packaging
known
as
Mushroom
®
Packaging.
Invented
to
replace
polystyrene
packaging,
it
is
made
using
agricultural
waste.
At
the
end
of
its
life
it
is
completely
biodegradable
and
can
be
made
into
compost.
Figure
7:
An
example
of
Mushroom
Packaging
[Source:
Image
provided
with
permission
from
Ecovative
design]
Which
of
Datschefski’s
five
principles
of
sustainable
design
does
the
Mushroom
®
Packaging
best
fulfil?
A.
Safe
B.
Solar
C.
Cyclic
D.
Efficient
25.
Which
of
the
following
sustainable
consumption
strategies
would
have
the
most
impact
on
the
consumer
when
choosing
an
electrical
appliance?
A.
Eco-labelling
B.
Energy
labelling
C.
Waste
Electrical
and
Electronic
Equipment
(WEEE)
Directive
D.
Forest
Stewardship
Council
(FSC)
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26.
The
European
Union
introduced
new
labelling
laws
in
2014
requiring
any
products
that
contain
palm
oil
to
be
listed
as
an
ingredient.
This
is
an
example
of
which
type
of
sustainable
innovation
strategy?
A.
Education
B.
Bottom-up
C.
Top-down
D.
Product
stewardship
27.
Separating
economic
growth
from
negative
ecological
impact
is
known
as…
A.
Macro
energy
sustainability
B.
Micro
energy
sustainability
C.
Sustainability
reporting
D.
Decoupling
28.
Which
of
the
following
are
part
of
the
marketing
mix?
I.
Product
II.
Place
III.
People
A.
I
and
II
B.
I
and
III
C.
II
and
III
D.
I,
II
and
III
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29.
Figure
8
below
shows
a
market
research
strategy.
Figure
8:
A
market
research
strategy
[Source:
©
International
Baccalaureate
Organization
2018]
What
is
this
strategy?
A.
Environmental
scanning
B.
Perceptual
mapping
C.
SWOT
analysis
D.
Literature
search
30.
What
is
an
advantage
to
the
consumer
of
buying
the
products
of
a
reputable
brand?
A.
Products
will
be
cheaper
B.
There
will
be
less
demand
for
the
product
C.
The
quality
will
be
the
same
as
a
cheaper
competitor
D.
They
can
be
almost
certain
of
a
quality
product
Turn
over
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31.
Figure
9
shows
a
car
production
line.
Figure
9:
A
car
production
line
[Source:
Lotus
60th
Celebration
-
Final
assembly
(https://www.flickr.com/photos/32659528@N00/2868489384).
Image
by
Brian
Snelson
under
CC
licence:
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/]
The
company
does
not
allocate
space
to
the
storage
of
components
or
completed
cars.
This
is
an
example
of
which
production
strategy?
A.
Just
in
case
(JIC)
B.
Just
in
time
(JIT)
C.
Workflow
analysis
D.
Kaizen
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32.
Which
of
the
following
would
be
included
in
a
company’s
fixed
costs?
I.
Machinery
II.
Rent
III.
Materials
used
in
production
A.
I
and
II
B.
I
and
III
C.
II
and
III
D.
I,
II
and
III
33.
At
the
car
manufacturing
plant,
teams
work
together
to
eliminate
waste
such
as
cutting
time
spent
waiting
for
parts
to
arrive,
reducing
unnecessary
movement
in
work
cells,
eliminating
over-processing
and
over-production.
This
strategy,
where
everyone
works
together
to
eliminate
waste
during
manufacture,
is
a
key
principle
of…
A.
Mass
customization
B.
Lean
production
C.
Automation
D.
Computer
integrated
manufacturing
(CIM)
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34.
The
5
S
system
was
developed
in
Japan
and
is
an
important
part
of
lean
production.
Arranging
the
items
on
a
production
line
so
that
they
are
easy
to
find,
use
and
put
away,
is
an
example
of
which
of
the
5
Ss?
A.
Setting
B.
Sorting
C.
Sifting
D.
Shifting
35.
Statistical
process
control
(SPC)
is
a
quality
control
tool
that
uses
statistical
methods
to
ensure
that
a
process
operates
at
its
optimum
efficiency.
Which
of
the
following
are
elements
of
statistical
process
control
(SPC)?
I.
Dramatically
reducing
variability
and
waste
II.
Reducing
costs
III.
Predicting
demand
A.
I
and
II
B.
I
and
III
C.
II
and
III
D.
I,
II
and
III
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Questions
36
–
40
relate
to
the
following
case
study.
Please
read
the
case
study
carefully
and
answer
the
questions.
The
Centriphone
is
an
original
design
by
Nicolas
Vuignier,
a
professional
skier.
The
product
enables
users
to
attach
their
mobile
phone
into
the
device
and
take
360
degree
dynamic
video
footage
of
themselves
skiing.
The
Centriphone
is
attached
to
a
cable
with
a
handle
on
the
end,
which
the
skier
swings
around
their
head.
From
simple
foam-board
models,
through
to
plywood
and
a
final
3D
printed
prototype,
Vuignier
went
through
several
iterations
of
the
Centriphone,
see
Figure
10
.
Figure
10:
Different
iterations
of
the
Centriphone
[Source:
Images
provided
by
Nicolas
Vuignier]
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Figure
11:
A
skier
using
the
Centriphone
[Source:
Images
provided
by
Nicolas
Vuignier]
36.
Figure
11
shows
a
skier
spinning
the
Centriphone
around
their
head.
The
cable
can
be
seen,
while
the
mobile
phone
is
taking
the
shot.
Which
of
the
following
best
describes
the
mechanical
property
required
of
the
cable?
A.
Ductility
B.
Compressive
strength
C.
Hardness
D.
Tensile
strength
37.
If
Vuignier
wanted
to
protect
his
invention
globally
from
other
people
copying
his
idea,
which
intellectual
property
protection
strategy
would
be
most
appropriate?
A.
Copyright
B.
Trademark
C.
Registered
trademark
D.
Patent
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38.
Vuignier
manufactured
the
Centriphone
using
rapid
prototyping.
The
process
uses
a
spool
of
plastic
filament
to
create
the
product
layer
by
layer.
Which
of
the
following
best
describes
this
process?
A.
Select
laser
sintering
(SLS)
B.
Fused
deposition
modelling
(FDM)
C.
Stereolithography
D.
Laminated
object
manufacturing
(LOM)
39.
The
Centriphone
is
made
to
order,
and
the
latest
iteration
uses
less
material
than
previous
versions
by
including
holes
in
the
main
body.
Which
waste
mitigation
strategy
is
this
an
example
of?
A.
Re-engineering
B.
Radical
solution
C.
Dematerialization
D.
Product
recovery
40.
The
Centriphone
could
be
repackaged
to
appeal
to
skateboarders
rather
than
skiers.
Which
corporate
strategy
would
this
be
an
example
of?
A.
Market
development
B.
Product
development
C.
Market
penetration
D.
Diversification
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